Turtle
Turtles are essentially robots, and were added in the 1.3 update. They run and OS (like the Computers) named TurtleOS. They have the ability to place blocks, break blocks, move around, detect blocks, and drop items in their inventory. The programs they run are stored on floppy disks.
If you would like to know more about how to program them, have a look at the Turtle API.
Fuel
Turtles have been equipped with a state of the art quantum ionizing engine. This means that, once given fuel (the redstone used to craft them), they do not need to be re-charged, nor do any fuel cells need to be replaced, likewise they don't need to have external power directed to them either.
Crafting
To craft a Turtle:
File:Turtle-craft.png
To craft a Mining Turtle:
File:Turtle-craft2.png